PMID: 2488616Jan 1, 1989Paper

Multi-analyte immunoassay

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
R P Ekins

Abstract

Immunoassays rely on the molecular recognition properties possessed by antibodies to measure substances defined by a particular structure. They can therefore be defined as "structurally specific", as distinct from "functionally specific" assays, e.g. bioassays, which compare the biological effects of substances which are functionally similar, but which may differ in molecular structure. Within the broad class of "immunoassays", two subclasses may be distinguished, differing in their design. These may be described as "competitive" and "non-competitive", respectively, reflecting their dependence on the use of optimal concentrations of antibody which are either very small or very large. It is demonstrable that "non-competitive" assays are those relying on measurement of occupied antibody binding sites following reaction with analyte; conversely "competitive" assays rely on measurement of unoccupied sites. In certain assay designs, it may be shown that fractional antibody binding site occupancy is independent of (a) antibody concentration, and (b) sample volume. Such assays may be termed "ambient analyte immunoassays". This concept has been exploited in the development of free hormone and drug assays, and currently underlines the d...Continue Reading

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