Multi-Mycotoxin Occurrence in Dairy Cattle Feeds from the Gauteng Province of South Africa: A Pilot Study Using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS

Toxins
Rumbidzai ChangwaPatrick Berka Njobeh

Abstract

The indispensable nature of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in agricultural systems is of worldwide concern, hence the need for surveillance studies to preserve public health. Thirteen dairy farms were surveyed and 40 dairy feeds of varying nature collected and analyzed for mycotoxins. Estimated levels of aflatoxins (AFs), fumonisin B₁ (FB₁), ochratoxin A (OTA), citrinin (CIT), zearalenone (ZEN), α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), β-zearalenol (β-ZEL), deoxynivalenol (DON), 3- and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (ADONs), HT-2 toxin (HT-2), and beauvericin (BEA) were established using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Highest frequencies (40/40) were found for AFG₂ (range: <LOQ-116.1 ppb), α-ZEL (range: 0.98⁻13.24 ppb), and β-ZEL (range: 0.73⁻4.71 ppb), followed by AFB₂ at 37/40 (range: <LOQ-23.88 ppb), BEA at 36/40 (range: <LOQ-55.99 ppb), HT-2 at 35/40 (range: <LOQ-312.95 ppb), and FB₁ at 34/40 (range: <LOQ-1389.62 ppb). Apart from samples exceeding regulatory limits for total AFs in dairy feeds due to the high amounts of AFG₂ and AFB₂, levels of other mycotoxins were regarded as safe for dairy production in South Africa. This is the first-time the natural occurrence of the cold climate HT-2 in South African feeds was documented. Per...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 19, 2019·Toxins·Natalia Arroyo-ManzanaresLaura Gámiz-Gracia
May 28, 2019·Toxins·Carolina Santos PereiraJosé O Fernandes
Jul 28, 2020·Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry·Mustafa Oguzhan CaglayanZafer Üstündağ
Sep 9, 2020·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·Shandry Mmasetshaba TebelePatrick Berka Njobeh
Jan 8, 2021·Mycotoxin Research·Maricia Margrit van DeventerHester Carina Schönfeldt

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