Multi-virion infectious units arise from free viral particles in an enveloped virus

Nature Microbiology
José M CuevasRafael Sanjuán

Abstract

Many animal viruses are enveloped in a lipid bilayer taken up from cellular membranes. Because viral surface proteins bind to these membranes to initiate infection, we hypothesized that free virions may also be capable of interacting with the envelopes of other virions extracellularly. Here, we demonstrate this hypothesis in the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a prototypic negative-strand RNA virus composed of an internal ribonucleocapsid, a matrix protein and an external envelope(1). Using microscopy, dynamic light scattering, differential centrifugation and flow cytometry, we show that free viral particles can spontaneously aggregate into multi-virion infectious units. We also show that, following establishment of these contacts, different viral genetic variants are co-transmitted to the same target cell. Furthermore, virion-virion binding can determine key aspects of viral fitness such as antibody escape. In purified virions, this process is driven by protein-lipid interactions probably involving the VSV surface glycoprotein and phosphatidylserine. Whereas we found that multi-virion complexes occurred unfrequently in standard cell cultures, they were abundant in other fluids such as saliva, a natural VSV shedding route(2)....Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 6, 2019·Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P·Ingrid Alves RibeiroMarina Morato Stival
Jun 30, 2019·Virus Evolution·Rafael Sanjuán, María-Isabel Thoulouze
May 15, 2019·Annual Review of Virology·Emmanuelle Genoyer, Carolina B López
Jun 5, 2019·Nature Microbiology·Marco Vignuzzi, Carolina B López
Oct 1, 2019·Annual Review of Virology·Ellen Ketter, Glenn Randall
Oct 8, 2020·Nature Reviews. Microbiology·Jennifer E JonesSeema S Lakdawala
Nov 15, 2020·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Inés BeperetPrimitivo Caballero
Jan 30, 2021·Nature Ecology & Evolution·Stuart A WestAshleigh S Griffin
Dec 18, 2020·Journal of Virology·Nicole R SextonGregory D Ebel
Mar 4, 2021·Environmental Science & Technology·Rose S KantorLauren C Kennedy
Jul 9, 2021·PLoS Computational Biology·Nono S C MerleauMatteo Smerlak
Mar 12, 2019·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Soohyun ParkNam-Joon Cho
Jul 10, 2021·Annual Review of Virology·Rafael Sanjuán
Jul 17, 2021·Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology·Adeline KervielNihal Altan-Bonnet
Sep 30, 2021·Reports on Progress in Physics·Ricard SoléSantiago F Elena

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transmission electron microscopy
dynamic light scattering
light scattering
flow cytometry
RAP
electron microscopy
PCR
light diffraction

Software Mentioned

Zetasizer

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