Multianalyte Microphysiometry of Macrophage Responses to Phorbol Myristate Acetate, Lipopolysaccharide, and Lipoarabinomannan

Electroanalysis
Danielle W KimmelDavid E Cliffel

Abstract

This study examined the hypothesis that mycobacterial antigens generate different metabolic responses in macrophages as compared to gram-negative effectors and macrophage activators. The metabolic activation of macrophages by PMA is a useful tool for studying virulent agents and can be compared to other effectors. While phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) is commonly used to study macrophage activation, the concentration used to create this physiological response varies. The response of RAW-264.7 macrophages is concentration-dependent, where the metabolic response to high concentrations of PMA decreases suggesting deactivation. The gram-negative effector, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), was seen to promote glucose and oxygen production which were used to produce a delayed onset of oxidative burst. Pre-incubation with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) increased the effect on cell metabolism, where the synergistic effects of IFN-γ and LPS immediately initiated oxidative burst. These studies exhibited a stark contrast with lipoarabinomannan (LAM), an antigenic glycolipid component associated with the bacterial genus Mycobacterium. The presence of LAM effectively inhibits any metabolic response preventing consumption of glucose and oxygen for the promoti...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 23, 2014·Sensors and Actuators. B, Chemical·Eduardo A LimaDavid E Cliffel
Dec 15, 2015·Chemical Research in Toxicology·Danielle Watkins KimmelDavid E Cliffel
Jul 1, 2015·Analytical Chemistry·Jennifer R McKenzieDavid E Cliffel
Mar 10, 2015·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·Katherine T VenmarBarbara Fingleton
Jun 13, 2017·Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry·Anna Nix DavisDavid E Cliffel

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