Abstract
GAD65 and GAD67, the two forms of GABA-synthesizing enzyme, are usually coexpressed, but their levels are regulated independently. The GAD67 promoter has been described. We have now characterized transcriptional regulatory elements in the 5' flanking region of the GAD65 gene, extending 2.4 kb from the ATG translation initiation site. Primer extension assays revealed that transcription begins at -228 in both adult rat brain and in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells, with additional start sites at -280 in brain and at -360 in P19 cells. These sites are in a GC-rich (72%) region lacking a TATA box. Transient transfection assays revealed that the basal promoter is between -740 and -60, and elements conferring cell-type specificity are further 5'. DNA sequences between -1652 and -1420 can 'silence' transcription from a heterologous promoter. GAD65 and GAD67 promoters share little sequence identity, consistent with differences in their transcriptional regulation.
Citations
Jan 13, 2006·Cell and Tissue Research·Joseph F SanchezWilliam J Freed
Apr 16, 2003·Brain Research. Developmental Brain Research·Michael Aggensteiner, Georg Reiser
Jan 1, 1999·Trends in Pharmacological Sciences·J J Soghomonian, D L Martin
Aug 24, 1999·Gene·K Skak, B K Michelsen
Aug 27, 2010·Cerebral Cortex·Carlos Sánchez-Huertas, Beatriz Rico
Jun 13, 2002·Environmental Health Perspectives·Linda E HaysSandra L Petersen
Mar 31, 2005·Reproduction : the Official Journal of the Society for the Study of Fertility·P PocarS Hombach-Klonisch
Mar 15, 2012·Transcription·Zhizhong Z Pan
Aug 28, 2002·Diabetes·Gillian C L JohnsonJohn A Todd
Jun 24, 2004·Journal of Neuroscience Research·Clara M ChengCarolyn A Bondy
Apr 29, 2004·Journal of Neuroscience Research·Stella DrachevaVahram Haroutunian
Jul 6, 2000·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·T L DellovadeS A Tobet
Jun 25, 1999·Synapse·N Laprade, J J Soghomonian
Sep 15, 2000·Journal of Neurochemistry·K MakinaeY Yanagawa
Dec 26, 2001·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Shawn WinerH-Michael Dosch
Nov 16, 2012·Molecular Medicine Reports·Xiaofeng Deng, Dongni Pei
Nov 22, 2000·Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences·S D WattN C Spitzer
Aug 11, 2000·Brain Research·A Heicklen-KleinI Ginzburg
Jan 4, 2005·Biochemical Pharmacology·Alvaro PugaYing Xia