Multiple molecular defense strategies in Brachypodium distachyon surmount Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) larvae-induced susceptibility for plant survival

Scientific Reports
Subhashree SubramanyamChristie E Williams

Abstract

The Hessian fly is a destructive pest of wheat causing severe economic damage. Numerous genes and associated biological pathways have been implicated in defense against Hessian fly. However, due to limited genetic resources, compounded with genome complexity, functional analysis of the candidate genes are challenging in wheat. Physically, Brachypodium distachyon (Bd) exhibits nonhost resistance to Hessian fly, and with a small genome size, short life cycle, vast genetic resources and amenability to transformation, it offers an alternate functional genomic model for deciphering plant-Hessian fly interactions. RNA-sequencing was used to reveal thousands of Hessian fly-responsive genes in Bd one, three, and five days after egg hatch. Genes encoding defense proteins, stress-regulating transcription factors, signaling kinases, and secondary metabolites were strongly up-regulated within the first 24 hours of larval feeding indicating an early defense, similar to resistant wheat. Defense was mediated by a hypersensitive response that included necrotic lesions, up-regulated ROS-generating and -scavenging enzymes, and H2O2 production. Suppression of cell wall-associated proteins and increased cell permeability in Bd resembled susceptibl...Continue Reading

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
RNA-seq
dissection

Software Mentioned

voom
HTSeq
Tophat
DESeq2
SAS
MapMan
Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships ( PANTHER ...
BLAST
R
Primer Express

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