Multiple sclerosis: the role of melatonin and N-acetylserotonin

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
George Anderson, Moses Rodriguez

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune mediated disorder that is under intensive investigation in an attempt to improve on available treatments. Many of the changes occurring in MS, including increased mitochondrial dysfunction, pain reporting and depression may be partly mediated by increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, which drives tryptophan to the production of neuroregulatory tryptophan catabolites and away from serotonin, N-acetylserotonin and melatonin production. The consequences of decreased melatonin have classically been attributed to circadian changes following its release from the pineal gland. However, recent data shows that melatonin may be produced by all mitochondria containing cells to some degree, including astrocytes and immune cells, thereby providing another important MS treatment target. As well as being a powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive, melatonin improves mitochondrial functioning, partly via increased oxidative phosphorylation. Melatonin also inhibits demyelination and increases remyelination, suggesting that its local regulation in white matter astrocytes by serotonin availability and apolipoprotein E4, among other potential factors, will be important in the etiology, course...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 27, 2016·Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology : the Official Journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology·Jie WenYumin Zhang
Nov 2, 2016·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Annia GalanoRussel J Reiter
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Mar 24, 2021·Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders·Mikhail MelnikovAlexey Boykо
Jun 17, 2015·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Ruslán Álvarez-DidukRussel J Reiter

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