Abstract
The conditional morphology mutant of Escherichia coli SP45 grows as a rod at 30 degrees C and assumes a spherical shape after 90 min of incubation at 42 degrees C. The rod-to-sphere morphological transition has been found to be associated with the disappearance of penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP-2), the progressive reduction (as much as 50%) of murein synthesis, as measured both in intact cells and ether-permeabilized bacteria, and alterations in the structure of the cell envelope, including detachment of the outer membrane from the underlying structures. The detachment was initially localized at the poles of the cells and then spread over the entire surface. Shape transition was also linked to increased susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics which preferentially bound to PBP-1A (cephalothin, cephaloridine) or to PBP-3 (furazlocillin, piperacillin). Treatment with beta-lactams possessing a high affinity for PBP-1A, although inducing a low degree of peptidoglycan synthesis inhibition (5 to 10%), was associated with a marked loss of cell viability and massive lysis. On the other hand, the simultaneous absence of PBP-2 and inhibition of PBP-3 causes a significant reduction of peptidoglycan synthesis, yet only slightly affecte...Continue Reading
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