Muscle Function from Organisms to Molecules

Integrative and Comparative Biology
Kiisa C NishikawaUzma Tahir

Abstract

Gaps in our understanding of muscle contraction at the molecular level limit the ability to predict in vivo muscle forces in humans and animals during natural movements. Because muscles function as motors, springs, brakes, or struts, it is not surprising that uncertainties remain as to how sarcomeres produce these different behaviors. Current theories fail to explain why a single extra stimulus, added shortly after the onset of a train of stimuli, doubles the rate of force development. When stretch and doublet stimulation are combined in a work loop, muscle force doubles and work increases by 50% per cycle, yet no theory explains why this occurs. Current theories also fail to predict persistent increases in force after stretch and decreases in force after shortening. Early studies suggested that all of the instantaneous elasticity of muscle resides in the cross-bridges. Subsequent cross-bridge models explained the increase in force during active stretch, but required ad hoc assumptions that are now thought to be unreasonable. Recent estimates suggest that cross-bridges account for only ∼12% of the energy stored by muscles during active stretch. The inability of cross-bridges to account for the increase in force that persists af...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 27, 2019·Expert Review of Proteomics·Sandra MurphyKay Ohlendieck
Apr 3, 2019·Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological and Integrative Physiology·Natalie C Holt
Jul 11, 2019·Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility·Kiisa NishikawaJenna A Monroy
Dec 22, 2019·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Uzma TahirKiisa C Nishikawa
Apr 16, 2020·Physiology·Kiisa Nishikawa
Jun 5, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Kiisa NishikawaDhruv Mishra
Aug 24, 2018·Integrative and Comparative Biology·C D Williams, N C Holt
Oct 5, 2021·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Kiisa Nishikawa, Thomas G Huck
Nov 19, 2021·Bioinspiration & Biomimetics·Diego R Higueras-RuizMichael Shafer

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