PMID: 11921182Mar 29, 2002Paper

Mutagens in human breast lipid and milk: the search for environmental agents that initiate breast cancer

Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis
D H PhillipsP L Grover

Abstract

Epidemiological studies indicate the involvement of environmental factors in the etiology of breast cancer, but have not provided clear indications of the nature of the agents responsible. Several environmental carcinogens are known to induce mammary tumors in rodents, and the abundance of adipose tissue in the human breast suggests that the epithelial cells, from which breast tumors commonly arise, could be exposed to lipid-soluble carcinogens sequestered by the adipose tissue. In this report we review our studies in which we have examined human mammary lipid, obtained from elective reduction mammoplasties from healthy donors, and human milk from healthy mothers, for the presence of components with genotoxic activity in several in vitro assays. A significant proportion of lipid extracts induced mutations in bacteria and micronuclei in mammalian cells. They also caused DNA damage, detected as single-strand breaks in the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay, in both the MCL-5 cell line and in primary cultures of human mammary epithelial cells. Genotoxic activity was also found in a significant proportion of extracts of human breast milk. Viable cells recovered from milk samples showed evidence of DNA damage and...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 2, 2005·Bioelectromagnetics·Tracy Lightfoot
Mar 16, 2007·Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology·Judy S LaKindMichael N Bates
Aug 5, 2010·Environmental Health Perspectives·Larry D ClaxtonDavid M DeMarini
Aug 18, 2004·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·Tracy J Lightfoot, Eve Roman
Apr 3, 2007·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·Lev M BersteinKazimir M Pozharisski
Feb 23, 2007·Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics·Y I GohG Koren

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