Mutations in PNKP cause microcephaly, seizures and defects in DNA repair.

Nature Genetics
Jun ShenChristopher A Walsh

Abstract

Maintenance of DNA integrity is crucial for all cell types, but neurons are particularly sensitive to mutations in DNA repair genes, which lead to both abnormal development and neurodegeneration. We describe a previously unknown autosomal recessive disease characterized by microcephaly, early-onset, intractable seizures and developmental delay (denoted MCSZ). Using genome-wide linkage analysis in consanguineous families, we mapped the disease locus to chromosome 19q13.33 and identified multiple mutations in PNKP (polynucleotide kinase 3'-phosphatase) that result in severe neurological disease; in contrast, a splicing mutation is associated with more moderate symptoms. Unexpectedly, although the cells of individuals carrying this mutation are sensitive to radiation and other DNA-damaging agents, no such individual has yet developed cancer or immunodeficiency. Unlike other DNA repair defects that affect humans, PNKP mutations universally cause severe seizures. The neurological abnormalities in individuals with MCSZ may reflect a role for PNKP in several DNA repair pathways.

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
electrophoresis
Genotyping
FCS
PCR
transfections

Software Mentioned

CometScore
Excel
Phase haplotype determining
UCSC genome browser Build
MacPyMOL
MegAlign
Allegro
Metamorph

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