Mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis Zoonosis - The Hundred Year War - Beyond Crohn's Disease

Frontiers in Immunology
Leonardo A Sechi, C Thomas Dow

Abstract

The factitive role of Mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis (MAP) in Crohn's disease has been debated for more than a century. The controversy is due to the fact that Crohn's disease is so similar to a disease of MAP-infected ruminant animals, Johne's disease; and, though MAP can be readily detected in the infected ruminants, it is much more difficult to detect in humans. Molecular techniques that can detect MAP in pathologic Crohn's specimens as well as dedicated specialty labs successful in culturing MAP from Crohn's patients have provided strong argument for MAP's role in Crohn's disease. Perhaps more incriminating for MAP as a zoonotic agent is the increasing number of diseases with which MAP has been related: Blau syndrome, type 1 diabetes, Hashimoto thyroiditis, and multiple sclerosis. In this article, we debate about genetic susceptibility to mycobacterial infection and human exposure to MAP; moreover, it suggests that molecular mimicry between protein epitopes of MAP and human proteins is a likely bridge between infection and these autoimmune disorders.

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Citations

Aug 8, 2015·Tropical Animal Health and Production·Alessia GalieroDomenico Cerri
Jul 21, 2015·Journal of the Neurological Sciences·Giannina ArruLeonardo A Sechi
Mar 10, 2017·Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology·William C DavisShoor Vir Singh
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Aug 23, 2020·Microorganisms·Sepideh HosseiniporghamLeonardo A Sechi
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Oct 20, 2019·Microorganisms·Coad Thomas Dow, Leonardo A Sechi
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May 9, 2021·Animal Microbiome·Chloe MatthewsJim O' Mahony
Apr 7, 2016·Journal of Neuroimmunology·Giannina ArruLeonardo A Sechi

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
environmental stress
metabolomic profiling

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