Mycobacterium marinum infection in fish and man: epidemiology, pathophysiology and management; a review

The Veterinary Quarterly
Emad HashishMahmoud Sitohy

Abstract

Mycobacterium marinum is an opportunistic pathogen inducing infection in fresh and marine water fish. This pathogen causes necrotizing granuloma like tuberculosis, morbidity and mortality in fish. The cell wall-associated lipid phthiocerol dimycocerosates, phenolic glycolipids and ESAT-6 secretion system 1 (ESX-1) are the conserved virulence determinant of the organism. Human infections with Mycobacterium marinum hypothetically are classified into four clinical categories (type I-type IV) and have been associated with the exposure of damaged skin to polluted water from fish pools or contacting objects contaminated with infected fish. Fish mycobacteriosis is clinically manifested and characterized in man by purple painless nodules, liable to develop into superficial crusting ulceration with scar formation. Early laboratory diagnosis of M. marinum including histopathology, culture and PCR is essential and critical as the clinical response to antibiotics requires months to be attained. The pathogenicity and virulence determinants of M. marinum need to be thoroughly and comprehensively investigated and understood. In spite of accumulating information on this pathogen, the different relevant data should be compared, connected and gl...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 9, 2019·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Kun Hyoe RhooJacques Robert
Oct 20, 2019·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Helena ModráIvo Pavlík
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Aug 12, 2021·Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·Shaolin XieJixing Zou
Sep 25, 2021·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Pingping JiaShan Cen
Sep 3, 2021·Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS·Kelly D GarciaJeffrey D Fortman

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
genotyping
fatty
electrophoresis
environmental stresses
FRET
PCR

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