PMID: 8441812Mar 1, 1993Paper

Myelinated nerve fibres in the CNS

Progress in Neurobiology
C HildebrandC Bjartmar

Abstract

(1) Lamellated glial sheaths surrounding axons, and electrogenetically active axolemmal foci have evolved independently in widely different phyla. In addition to endowing the axons to conduct trains of impulses at a high speed, myelination and node formation results in a remarkable saving of space and energy. This is particularly important in the CNS, where space is restricted. Unlike the PNS, most CNS axons are myelinated, and several axons may be myelinated by a single cell. This adds further economy of space and energy. On the other hand the high level of complexity of the CNS white matter makes it vulnerable. There are several different kinds of disease affecting myelinated fibre tracts, particularly with respect to CNS white matter. (2) The CNS node of Ranvier presents a more complex structure the larger the fibre. The constricted nodal axon is encircled by perinodal astrocytic processes which contain large gliosomes and emit delicate processes towards the nodal axolemma. One astrocyte may project to several nodes. The node gap contains a polyanionic extracellular material. (3) Lamellated myelinoid bodies are frequent along paranodes of large myelinated CNS fibres. These bodies probably form through budding off from the pa...Continue Reading

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