N-myc downstream-regulated gene 4, up-regulated by tumor necrosis factor-α and nuclear factor kappa B, aggravates cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting reperfusion injury salvage kinase pathway
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 4 (NDRG4) is expressed weakly in heart and has been reported to modulate cardiac development and QT interval duration, but the role of NDRG4 in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unknown. In the present study, we analyzed the expression as well as potential function of cardiac NDRG4 and investigated how NDRG4 expression is regulated by inflammation. We found that NDRG4 was weakly expressed in cardiomyocytes and that its expression increased significantly both in I/R injured heart and in hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs). The increased NDRG4 expression aggravated myocardial I/R injury by inhibiting the activation of the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway. Forced over-expression of NDRG4 inhibited RISK activation and exacerbated injury not only in I/R injured heart, but also in H/R treated NRVMs, whereas short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knock-down of NDRG4 enhanced RISK activation and attenuated injury. Upon injury, myocardial NDRG4 expression was induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) through nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and we found that pre-treatment with inhibitors of either TNF-α or NF-κB blocked NDRG4 express...Continue Reading
References
Impaired cardiac SIRT1 activity by carbonyl stress contributes to aging-related ischemic intolerance
Citations
NDRG4, an early detection marker for colorectal cancer, is specifically expressed in enteric neurons
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