Nano-printed miniature compound refractive lens for desktop hard x-ray microscopy

PloS One
Mona MirzaeimoghriHan Wen

Abstract

Hard x-ray lenses are useful elements in x-ray microscopy and in creating focused illumination for analytical applications such as x-ray fluorescence imaging. Recently, polymer compound refractive lenses for focused illumination in the soft x-ray regime (< 10 keV) have been created with nano-printing. However, there are no such lenses yet for hard x-rays, particularly of short focal lengths for benchtop microscopy. We report the first instance of a nano-printed lens for hard x-ray microscopy, and evaluate its imaging performance. The lens consists of a spherically focusing compound refractive lens designed for 22 keV photon energy, with a tightly packed structure to provide a short total length of 1.8 mm and a focal length of 21.5 mm. The resulting lens technology was found to enable benchtop microscopy at 74x magnification and 1.1 μm de-magnified image pixel size at the object plane. It was used to image and evaluate the focal spots of tungsten-anode micro-focus x-ray sources. The overall system resolution with broadband illumination from a tungsten-anode x-ray tube at 30 kV and 10 mm focal distance was measured to be 2.30±0.22 μm.

References

Sep 1, 1989·Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and Image Science·S F Gibson, F Lanni
Apr 25, 2002·Journal of Synchrotron Radiation·Bruno LengelerChristiane Zimprich
Feb 28, 2003·Journal of Synchrotron Radiation·Bernd NöhammerChristian David
Dec 25, 2015·Journal of Synchrotron Radiation·S AntipovS Stoupin
May 4, 2016·Journal of Synchrotron Radiation·S AntipovS Stoupin
Dec 24, 2016·Journal of Synchrotron Radiation·Sergey TerentyevAnatoly Snigirev
Aug 10, 2017·Optics Express·A K PetrovA Snigirev

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Citations

May 11, 2019·Journal of Synchrotron Radiation·Alexander BarannikovAnatoly Snigirev

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
x-ray microscopy
X-ray
scanning electron microscopy
light microscopy
optical microscopy
fluorescence imaging

Software Mentioned

Nanoscribe

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