Nanofibrillated cellulose causes acute pulmonary inflammation that subsides within a month

Nanotoxicology
Marit IlvesHarri Alenius

Abstract

Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) is a renewable nanomaterial that has beneficial uses in various applications such as packaging materials and paper. Like carbon nanotubes (CNT), NFCs have high aspect ratio and favorable mechanical properties. The aspect ratio also rises a concern whether NFC could pose a health risk and induce pathologies, similar to those triggered by multi-walled CNT. In this study, we explored the immunomodulatory properties of four NFCs in vitro and in vivo, and compared the results with data on bulk-sized cellulose fibrils and rigid multi-walled CNT (rCNT). Two of the NFCs were non-functionalized and two were carboxymethylated or carboxylated. We investigated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in differentiated THP-1 cells, and studied the pulmonary effects and biopersistence of the materials in mice. Our results demonstrate that one of the non-functionalized NFCs tested reduced cell viability and triggered pro-inflammatory reactions in vitro. In contrast, all cellulose materials induced innate immunity response in vivo 24 h after oropharyngeal aspiration, and the non-functionalized NFCs additionally caused features of Th2-type inflammation. Modest immune reactions were also seen after 28 days, ho...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 29, 2020·Inhalation Toxicology·Takafumi Sai, Katsuhide Fujita
Jun 12, 2019·Particle and Fibre Toxicology·Katja Maria BendtsenUlla Vogel
Dec 18, 2019·Environmental Science. Nano·Maryam SalariPhilip Demokritou
Mar 6, 2019·Nanomaterials·James D EdeJo Anne Shatkin
Sep 11, 2020·Nanotoxicology·Natasha StoudmannClaudia Som
Oct 13, 2020·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules·Cong LiuDong Liu

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