Nanofiltration for the separation of pharmaceuticals from nutrients in source-separated urine

Water Research
W PronkM Boller

Abstract

The potential of nanofiltration for the separation of pharmaceutical and estrogenic compounds from salts in urine was investigated with the aim of producing a micropollutant-free nutrient solution that can be used as a fertilizer. A fresh urine solution and a synthetic solution of similar inorganic composition were tested at different pH values in order to investigate their separation behavior. These solutions were spiked with the micropollutants propranolol, ethinylestradiol, ibuprofen, diclofenac and carbamazepine. Among the membranes tested, NF270 showed the best performance with respect to the retention of micropollutants. The optimum retention of micropollutants was obtained at values of around pH 5. At this point, the retention of all micropollutants in non-hydrolysed urine was above 92%, while the corresponding value for the synthetic urine solution was above 73%. From the results, it can be concluded that the retention mechanism is determined by steric and electrostatic effects as well as by the partitioning of the micropollutants in the membrane. The nutrients urea and ammonia were well permeated, but phosphate and sulfate were almost completely retained. Nanofiltration can consequently be used to produce a permeate wh...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 14, 2013·Water Research·Kelly A Landry, Treavor H Boyer
Jan 21, 2016·The Science of the Total Environment·Mehrdad TaheranJ R Valero
Jan 23, 2013·The Science of the Total Environment·Jiefeng ZhangJing-Yuan Wang
Sep 27, 2008·Journal of Environmental Sciences (China)·Zhigang LiuJianfang Wang
May 6, 2008·The Science of the Total Environment·Martina WinkerRalf Otterpohl
Sep 12, 2015·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Priscilla Garozi ZanchettaAngelina Pena
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Jan 28, 2015·Environmental Science & Technology·Ruochun ZhangChing-Hua Huang
May 18, 2016·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Xiaobin TangHeng Liang
Feb 26, 2014·Environmental Science & Technology·Jiefeng ZhangRichard D Webster
Nov 15, 2016·Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research·J OumaC Buckley
May 6, 2019·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Chinmoy DebMahesh Ganesapillai
Jan 11, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Xiang LiXiwu Lu
Dec 22, 2006·Environmental Science & Technology·Joshua L CartinellaAmy E Childress
Jun 25, 2021·Chemosphere·Abdulaziz AlmuntashiriSherub Phuntsho
Mar 26, 2019·Accounts of Chemical Research·Treavor H Boyer, Daniella Saetta
Apr 2, 2019·Environmental Science & Technology·Cong LuoChing-Hua Huang
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Apr 25, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Jiří CuhorkaPetr Mikulášek
Nov 30, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Mojtaba YeganehAli Esrafili

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