Nanointerrogation of ultrasonic contrast agent microbubbles using atomic force microscopy

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
V SborosVasileios Koutsos

Abstract

Predicting the acoustic response of an encapsulated microbubble to ultrasound requires an accurate assessment of the mechanical properties of the microbubble shell. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides an unprecedented spatial and force resolution of the order of Angstroms and subnanonewtons, respectively. It is introduced here as a means to interrogate microbubbles manufactured for ultrasonic imaging. The advantage of AFM over scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is that the microbubbles need not be subjected to a low temperature or low-pressure environment. The microbubbles were interrogated in a liquid environment, which could potentially be a simulated physiological environment. AFM was used in tapping mode imaging to reveal topographical detail of biSphere microbubbles. Because microbubbles are large objects compared with the overall size of usual AFM tips, a convolution between the AFM tip and the microbubble was typical of the acquired topographies. However, a part of the top half of the bubble was imaged with nanometer resolution, and roughness measurements are reported. Force-distance curves were captured using contact mode AFM. The range of stiffness or effective spring constant of biSphere was found to be between 1 a...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 4, 2008·Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences·Steliyan TinkovConrad Coester
Mar 12, 2013·Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology·Jonathan CaseyRobert J Eckersley
Dec 1, 2012·Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology·Ying LuanNico de Jong
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Dec 25, 2021·Physics in Medicine and Biology·Hussain AlSadiqMartin Veidt

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