Nanoscopy reveals surface-metallic black phosphorus

Light, Science & Applications
Yohannes AbateMark I Stockman

Abstract

Black phosphorus (BP) is an emerging two-dimensional material with intriguing physical properties. It is highly anisotropic and highly tunable by means of both the number of monolayers and surface doping. Here, we experimentally investigate and theoretically interpret the near-field properties of a-few-atomic-monolayer nanoflakes of BP. We discover near-field patterns of bright outside fringes and a high surface polarizability of nanofilm BP consistent with its surface-metallic, plasmonic behavior at mid-infrared frequencies <1176 cm-1. We conclude that these fringes are caused by the formation of a highly polarizable layer at the BP surface. This layer has a thickness of ~1 nm and exhibits plasmonic behavior. We estimate that it contains free carriers in a concentration of n≈1.1 × 1020 cm-3. Surface plasmonic behavior is observed for 10-40 nm BP thicknesses but absent for a 4-nm BP thickness. This discovery opens up a new field of research and potential applications in nanoelectronics, plasmonics and optoelectronics.

References

Nov 11, 2005·Nature·K S NovoselovA A Firsov
Oct 7, 2011·Nano Letters·Zhe FeiDimitri N Basov
Nov 24, 2011·Optics Express·Mark I Stockman
Oct 13, 2012·Nature·K S NovoselovK Kim
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Citations

Aug 17, 2018·Optics Express·Maria C GiordanoMiriam S Vitiello
Oct 19, 2017·Optics Express·V E BabichevaY Abate
May 12, 2018·Advanced Materials·Yohannes AbateStephen B Cronin
Feb 18, 2017·Chemical Reviews·Xian ShiAchim Hartschuh

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Software Mentioned

Lumerical
CST Microwave Studio
SNOM

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