Nasal airflow simulations suggest convergent adaptation in Neanderthals and modern humans

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
S de AzevedoR González-José

Abstract

Both modern humans (MHs) and Neanderthals successfully settled across western Eurasian cold-climate landscapes. Among the many adaptations considered as essential to survival in such landscapes, changes in the nasal morphology and/or function aimed to humidify and warm the air before it reaches the lungs are of key importance. Unfortunately, the lack of soft-tissue evidence in the fossil record turns difficult any comparative study of respiratory performance. Here, we reconstruct the internal nasal cavity of a Neanderthal plus two representatives of climatically divergent MH populations (southwestern Europeans and northeastern Asians). The reconstruction includes mucosa distribution enabling a realistic simulation of the breathing cycle in different climatic conditions via computational fluid dynamics. Striking across-specimens differences in fluid residence times affecting humidification and warming performance at the anterior tract were found under cold/dry climate simulations. Specifically, the Asian model achieves a rapid air conditioning, followed by the Neanderthals, whereas the European model attains a proper conditioning only around the medium-posterior tract. In addition, quantitative-genetic evolutionary analyses of n...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 16, 2018·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Assaf Marom, Yoel Rak
Feb 1, 2018·American Journal of Human Biology : the Official Journal of the Human Biology Council·Lauren N Butaric, Ross P Klocke
Jul 21, 2020·Evolutionary Anthropology·Stephanie A Poindexter, Eva C Garrett
Jun 6, 2020·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·Erika DenourJoseph Crozier
May 8, 2018·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Andrej A Evteev, Yann Heuzé
Dec 15, 2019·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Markus BastirManuel Burgos
May 8, 2018·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·S de AzevedoR González-José
Apr 18, 2019·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Tarah N MarksRobert G Franciscus
Jun 19, 2019·Nature Human Behaviour·Patrick Roberts, Brian A Stewart
Jan 14, 2021·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Futoshi MoriTakeshi Nishimura
Aug 1, 2021·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Cathy Ngọc Hân Tran, Lauren Schroeder
Sep 23, 2021·The Anatomical Record : Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology·Lauren N ButaricScott D Maddux
Oct 13, 2021·The Anatomical Record : Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology·Markus BastirManuel Burgos

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