Nasal Structural and Aerodynamic Features That May Benefit Normal Olfactory Sensitivity

Chemical Senses
Chengyu LiKai Zhao

Abstract

Nasal airflow that effectively transports ambient odors to the olfactory receptors is important for human olfaction. Yet, the impact of nasal anatomical variations on airflow pattern and olfactory function is not fully understood. In this study, 22 healthy volunteers were recruited and underwent computed tomographic scans for computational simulations of nasal airflow patterns. Unilateral odor detection thresholds (ODT) to l-carvone, phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) and d-limonene were also obtained for all participants. Significant normative variations in both nasal anatomy and aerodynamics were found. The most prominent was the formation of an anterior dorsal airflow vortex in some but not all subjects, with the vortex size being significantly correlated with ODT of l-carvone (r = 0.31, P < 0.05). The formation of the vortex is likely the result of anterior nasal morphology, with the vortex size varying significantly with the nasal index (ratio of the width and height of external nose, r = -0.59, P < 0.001) and nasal vestibule "notch" index (r = 0.76, P < 0.001). The "notch" is a narrowing of the upper nasal vestibule cartilage region. The degree of the notch also significantly correlates with ODT for PEA (r = 0.32, P < 0.05) and l-...Continue Reading

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