Nasopharyngeal Bacterial Carriage in the Conjugate Vaccine Era with a Focus on Pneumococci

Journal of Immunology Research
V T DevineSaul N Faust

Abstract

Seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was included in the UK national immunisation program in 2006, and this was replaced by thirteen-valent PCV in 2010. During this time, the carriage of vaccine-type Streptococcus pneumoniae decreased but pneumococcal carriage remained stable due to increases in non-vaccine-type S. pneumoniae. Carriage studies have been undertaken in various countries to monitor vaccine-type replacement and to help predict the serotypes, which may cause invasive disease. There has been less focus on how conjugate vaccines indirectly affect colonization of other nasopharyngeal bacteria. If the nasopharynx is treated as a niche, then bacterial dynamics are accepted to occur. Alterations in these dynamics have been shown due to seasonal changes, antibiotic use, and sibling/day care interaction. It has been shown that, following PCV7 introduction, an eradication of pneumococcal vaccine types has resulted in increases in the abundance of other respiratory pathogens including Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus. These changes are difficult to attribute to PCV7 introduction alone and these studies do not account for further changes due to PCV13 implementation. This review aims to describe na...Continue Reading

References

Jun 1, 1992·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·G AnianssonC Svanborg
Jan 1, 1987·Annual Review of Microbiology·J W CostertonT J Marrie
Aug 1, 1984·Journal of Medical Microbiology·D C Turk
Oct 1, 1995·Journal of Clinical Microbiology·J Henrichsen
Dec 31, 1997·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·J S JerngK T Luh
Mar 4, 1998·The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy·C E GoldsmithP G Murphy
Aug 10, 1999·The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal·F GhaffarG H McCracken
Nov 30, 1999·International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology·A LeibermanD M Fliss
May 1, 2001·The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy·M R MillarUNKNOWN ALSPAC Study Team. Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood
May 23, 2002·Archives of Disease in Childhood·P T Heath, J McVernon
Apr 15, 2003·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·Terho Heikkinen, Tasnee Chonmaitree
Mar 26, 2004·Nature Reviews. Microbiology·Luanne Hall-StoodleyPaul Stoodley
Dec 8, 2004·Journal of Clinical Microbiology·Johanna M C JefferiesTimothy J Mitchell
Jan 18, 2005·Lancet·Kim A BrogdenChristopher E Taylor
Feb 25, 2005·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Adam J RatnerJeffrey N Weiser
Mar 1, 2005·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·D BogaertH A Verbrugh
Apr 5, 2005·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·Timothy F MurphySanjay Sethi
Jan 13, 2006·BMC Infectious Diseases·Antonietta LambiaseFabio Rossano
Apr 13, 2006·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Katherine A PoehlingWilliam Schaffner
Jul 13, 2006·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Luanne Hall-StoodleyJoseph E Kerschner
Nov 4, 2006·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Aino RuoholaOlli Ruuskanen
Feb 3, 2007·Journal of Clinical Microbiology·In Ho ParkMoon H Nahm
Aug 29, 2007·PLoS Pathogens·Elena S LysenkoJeffrey N Weiser
Oct 19, 2007·Nature·Peter J TurnbaughJeffrey I Gordon
Jan 4, 2008·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Carmen Muñoz-AlmagroRoman Pallares
Feb 5, 2009·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Tom DartonRobert C Read
Jun 16, 2009·International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology·Michael HoaJames M Coticchia
Oct 13, 2009·Genome Research·UNKNOWN NIH HMP Working GroupMark Guyer
Dec 25, 2009·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Anna S TochevaStuart C Clarke
Mar 30, 2010·Nature Reviews. Microbiology·Anton Y PelegEleftherios Mylonakis
May 29, 2010·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Juan J Calix, Moon H Nahm

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Mar 17, 2016·Expert Review of Vaccines·Lucia Helena de OliveiraCristiana M Toscano
Nov 23, 2017·PloS One·Laura GlendinningLonneke Vervelde
May 31, 2019·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·Jennifer A GrousdJohn F Alcorn

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Bacterial Pneumonia (ASM)

Bacterial pneumonia is a prevalent and costly infection that is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients of all ages. Here is the latest research.

Bacterial Pneumonia

Bacterial pneumonia is a prevalent and costly infection that is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients of all ages. Here is the latest research.