Native American depopulation, reforestation, and fire regimes in the Southwest United States, 1492-1900 CE

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Matthew J LiebmannThomas W Swetnam

Abstract

Native American populations declined between 1492 and 1900 CE, instigated by the European colonization of the Americas. However, the magnitude, tempo, and ecological effects of this depopulation remain the source of enduring debates. Recently, scholars have linked indigenous demographic decline, Neotropical reforestation, and shifting fire regimes to global changes in climate, atmosphere, and the Early Anthropocene hypothesis. In light of these studies, we assess these processes in conifer-dominated forests of the Southwest United States. We compare light detection and ranging data, archaeology, dendrochronology, and historical records from the Jemez Province of New Mexico to quantify population losses, establish dates of depopulation events, and determine the extent and timing of forest regrowth and fire regimes between 1492 and 1900. We present a new formula for the estimation of Pueblo population based on architectural remains and apply this formula to 18 archaeological sites in the Jemez Province. A dendrochronological study of remnant wood establishes dates of terminal occupation at these sites. By combining our results with historical records, we report a model of pre- and post-Columbian population dynamics in the Jemez P...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 25, 2016·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Thomas W SwetnamCraig D Allen
May 25, 2016·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Christopher I RoosUNKNOWN Fire and Mankind Discussion Group
May 25, 2016·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·David M J S BowmanBrett P Murphy
Feb 1, 2017·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Benjamin David StockerFortunat Joos
Nov 17, 2016·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Alan H TaylorScott Stephens
Dec 20, 2018·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Dale G NimmoAndrew F Bennett
Feb 25, 2017·PloS One·Chelsey Geralda ArmstrongCarole L Crumley
Jul 1, 2020·Science Advances·Scott Ortman, José Lobo
Jul 25, 2018·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Christopher I RoosMary M H Erlick
Jan 21, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Christopher I RoosChristopher A Kiahtipes
Nov 21, 2020·Science·Luke T KellyLluís Brotons
Sep 17, 2020·Science Advances·Scott Ortman, José Lobo
Jul 15, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Terry L JonesBrian F Codding

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