Natural allelic variations of TCS1 play a crucial role in caffeine biosynthesis of tea plant and its related species

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry : PPB
Ji-Qiang JinLiang Chen

Abstract

Tea caffeine synthase 1 (TCS1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the methylation of N-3 and N-1 and considered to be the most critical enzyme in the caffeine biosynthetic pathway of tea plant. This study shows that TCS1 has six types of allelic variations, namely, TCS1a, TCS1b, TCS1c, TCS1d, TCS1e, and TCS1f, with a 252 bp insertion/deletion mutation in the 5'-untranslated region. Among tea plant and its related species, TCS1a is the predominant allele, and TCS1b-f are the rare alleles that mainly appear in few wild germplasms. The full-length cDNA sequences of three new alleles, namely, TCS1d, TCS1e, and TCS1f, were isolated from specific germplasms, and all of recombinant proteins have higher caffeine synthase (CS, EC 2.1.1.160) activity than theobromine synthase (TS, EC 2.1.1.159). Amino acid residue 269 is responsible for the difference in TCS activity and substrate recognition, which was demonstrated by using site-directed mutagenesis experiments. Furthermore, natural variations in TCS1 change the transcription levels. There are two molecular mechanisms controlling the caffeine biosynthesis in low-caffeine-accumulating tea germplasms, i.e., TCS1 allele with low transcription level or its encoded protein with only TS activity. Al...Continue Reading

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Sep 11, 2014·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Ji-Qiang JinLiang Chen

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Citations

Apr 27, 2016·Plant Physiology and Biochemistry : PPB·Ji-Qiang JinLiang Chen
Sep 24, 2019·Frontiers in Plant Science·Peter J Facchini, Jeremy S Morris
Oct 11, 2019·Breeding Science·Akiko OginoAtsushi Nesumi
Nov 6, 2020·Nature Communications·Xiaomin YuRenyi Liu
Nov 19, 2020·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Meng-Zhen ZhouYa-Hui Huang
Nov 30, 2018·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Jian-Qiang MaLiang Chen
Oct 12, 2018·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Ji-Qiang JinLiang Chen

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