PMID: 8980631Dec 6, 1996Paper

Natural and synthetic betaines counter the effects of high NaCl and urea concentrations

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
K RandallS T Chambers

Abstract

Escherichia coli was used as a model system to evaluate a range of betaines for their ability to protect against salt and urea stresses. Betaine structure determined the salt and urea protective effects. Dimethylthetin conferred salt protection similar to glycine betaine, whereas dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) was less effective than either glycine betaine or dimethylthetin, but similar to propionobetaine (its nitrogen analogue). Hydrophobic alpha-substituents altered salt tolerance. Valine betaine with an aliphatic side group conferred salt tolerance similar to glycine betaine. Betaines containing phenyl groups (phenylglycine, phenylalanine and N-phenylglycine betaines) did not confer salt protection, growth being similar to, or less than the control (no betaine). Hydrophobic groups decreased the ability to protect against urea stresses; valine betaine conferred poor urea tolerance. The addition of an hydroxyl group increased the ability of a betaine to protect against urea denaturation. Proline betaine, an effective salt protector, conferred poor urea tolerance. Increasing the charge separation in the betaine molecule decreased the ability to confer urea tolerance. Thiolanium, pyridinium and triethylglycine betaines, with ...Continue Reading

References

Jan 7, 1977·The Journal of Organic Chemistry·J A Musich, H Rapoport
Oct 1, 1991·Physiological Reviews·A Garcia-Perez, M B Burg
Mar 1, 1985·Biophysical Journal·T Arakawa, S N Timasheff
Sep 24, 1982·Science·P H YanceyG N Somero
Sep 1, 1994·The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology·A W LloydK J Rutt
Feb 1, 1993·Kidney International·P C SizelandR A Robson
Jun 8, 1984·Science·D Le RudulierR C Valentine
Mar 27, 2007·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Tanya TolmachovaMiguel C Seabra

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 8, 1999·International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents·S T ChambersM Lever
Jun 11, 2015·Environmental Microbiology Reports·Ricardo SantosJohn E Hallsworth
Feb 15, 2007·Environmental Microbiology·John E HallsworthTerry J McGenity
Mar 12, 1998·FEMS Microbiology Letters·B A PeddieS T Chambers
Sep 28, 1998·Journal of Bacteriology·K GouffiC Blanco
Nov 14, 1998·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·M Lever
Dec 27, 2005·Journal of Chromatography. a·Malina K StorerMichael Lever
Dec 10, 2016·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Jiantao ChenGuangzhao Zhang

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.