Natural barrigenol-like triterpenoids: A comprehensive review of their contributions to medicinal chemistry

Phytochemistry
Xinxin ZhangHuiyuan Gao

Abstract

Barrigenol-like triterpenoids (BATs), which contain an unusual oleanane substituted by many hydroxyl groups as the skeleton, are subdivided into five subtypes: barrigenol A1, barrigenol A2, barrigenol R1, barringtogenol C, and 16-deoxybarringtogenol C. The variations in acyl derivatives, hydroxyl groups, and carbohydrate chains in their structures have enhanced the diversity of BATs. Moreover, the stable polyhydroxy-replaced pentacyclic skeleton provides an ideal platform for structural modifications. To date, more than 500 BAT derivatives have been isolated from plants. Synchronously, BATs possess anti-tumour, anti-Alzheimer's disease, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-obesity and anti-allergic activities by regulating numerous cellular molecules. Some BAT derivatives, such as escin obtained from Aesculus hippocastanum L. and xanthoceraside isolated from Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge, have been used to treat encephaloedema or inflammatory diseases. This review aims to provide comprehensive information about the chemistry, sources, bioavailability, and anti-tumour effects of BATs, with a particular emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of action. The pharmacokinetics and clinical progress are also concerned. More than 300 s...Continue Reading

Citations

Aug 14, 2019·Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents·Hidayat HussainIftikhar Ali
Jan 2, 2020·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Ramsia GeislerThomas Hellweg
Nov 25, 2020·Journal of Natural Medicines·Koji FujiharaKaoru Kinoshita
Aug 5, 2020·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Yoo Jung ParkHyung Sik Kim
May 6, 2021·Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry·Zhuo Wang, Chunngai Hui
May 10, 2021·BMC Plant Biology·Hui WangZheng-Yang Zhao

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