PMID: 9416366Jan 1, 1997Paper

Natural history and spectrum of disease in adults with HIV/AIDS in Africa

AIDS
A GrantK M De Cock

Abstract

Progression from seroconversion to the development of AIDS in Africa may be shorter than in industrialized countries, but there are insufficient data to be certain. Although the data are not always directly comparable, survival after an AIDS diagnosis appears to be substantially shorter in African countries and this may be partly because of later diagnosis of AIDS in Africa, but may also be because of environmental factors such as increased exposure to pathogens of high virulence and lack of access to care. Tuberculosis and bacterial infections are the most important causes of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. Bacteraemia is frequent, particularly due to non-typhoid salmonellae and S. pneumoniae. Cryptosporidia and I. belli are the most frequently isolated pathogens in patients with diarrhoea; non-typhoid salmonellae and Shigella species are also commonly isolated when stool cultures are performed. Cerebral toxoplasmosis, and meningitis due to Cryptococcus, tuberculosis and bacterial pathogens are the most frequent neurological infections and cognitive changes are frequently identified when specifically looked for. Infections with atypical mycobacteria and Pneumocystis carinii are rare, as is CMV retinitis. I...Continue Reading

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