Natural Single-Domain Antibody-Nanobody: A Novel Concept in the Antibody Field

Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology
Cui LiXiaoling Lu

Abstract

Since the serendipitous discovery of heavy-chain antibodies in Camelidae 20 years ago, the smallest single-domain antigen-binding fragment, known as VHH or nanobody, has received growing attention. In comparison with traditional antibodies, VHHs performs equally high specificity and affinity and low toxicity to targets, and has the ability to inhibit the formation of enzymes and enter the receptor gap. Hence, VHHs has been recently regarded as the highly valued protein and applied in multiple fields, including fundamental research, diagnosis, therapeutics, food science, etc. Today, based on the past achievements, an increasing number of academic and industrial groups begin to explore innovative VHH applications. In this review, we make a thorough retrospect of the unique features and explore novel implementations of VHHs in diverse forms in different fields. In addition, we also propose the potential future issues and problems of VHHs in many fields.

Citations

Jan 21, 2021·Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology·Manman LiuYangzhong Liu
Feb 26, 2021·Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy·Fengzhen MoXiaoling Lu
Apr 2, 2021·International Journal of Nanomedicine·Shuyang SunXiaoling Lu

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Antibodies produced by B cells are highly specific for antigen as a result of random gene recombination and somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation. As the main effector of the humoral immune system, antibodies can neutralize foreign cells. Find the latest research on antibody specificity here.

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