Neck injury mechanisms during direct face impact

Spine
Makoto FukushimaNaoyuki Ochiai

Abstract

Digitized measurements of the intervertebral motions using cervical cineradiographs of 10 volunteers during direct impacts applied to their faces. To clarify the cervical spine motion during direct face impact and postulate some mechanisms of neck injuries. Neck injury occurs mostly in traffic or falling accidents. Hyperextension of the neck is considered the most common mechanism of the injury because most victims have lacerations or contusions on their faces. A low-level backward impact load was applied to 10 healthy male volunteers' faces at the forehead and maxilla via a strap using a free-falling small mass. Cervical vertebral motion was recorded by radiograph cineradiography during the impact. The upper cervical spine showed a flexion motion for both conditions. Consequently, the cervical spine had an S-shaped curvature similar to that in cervical retraction. Intervertebral motions of the cervical spine were evaluated using an radiograph frame taken at the maximum cervical retraction. For the forehead load, intervertebral motion at C1-C2 was flexion, and motions of the lower cervical spine were extension. For the maxilla load, intervertebral motions from occiput-C1 through C4-C5 were flexion. The inflection point of the c...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 7, 2007·Spine·Peter V GiannoudisEleftherios Tsiridis
Apr 2, 2009·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Suhail K MithaniEduardo D Rodriguez
May 23, 2012·Accident; Analysis and Prevention·Paul C Ivancic
Sep 23, 2018·Sports Medicine·Enora Le FlaoDoug King
Aug 8, 2021·Journal of Biomechanics·Curran ReddyXudong Zhang

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