Necrotizing enterocolitis: The intestinal microbiome, metabolome and inflammatory mediators

Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
Josef Neu, Mohan Pammi

Abstract

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a disease of preterm infants and associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Although the pathogenesis of NEC is not clear, microbial dysbiosis, with a bloom of the phylum Proteobacteria, has been reported. Antibiotics and the use of H2 blockers, which affect the gut microbiome, are associated with increased incidence of NEC. In association with dysbiosis, inflammatory processes are upregulated with increased Toll-like receptor signaling, leading to translocation of nuclear factor kappa-β, a transcription factor that induces transcription of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Microbial metabolites, short chain fatty acids including acetate and butyrate, may modulate immunity, inflammation, intestinal integrity and regulate transcription by epigenetic mechanisms. Evaluation of microbiome and metabolome may provide biomarkers for early diagnosis of NEC and microbial therapeutic approaches to correct microbial dysbiosis.

Associated Clinical Trials

Citations

May 13, 2019·Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition·Jacqueline van DrutenHassan Abdalla
Aug 29, 2020·Pediatric Research·Troy A MarkelMisty Good
May 24, 2019·Scientific Reports·Omar LakhdariLawrence S Prince
Jul 28, 2019·Nutrients·Chyn Boon WongJin-Zhong Xiao
Feb 6, 2020·Frontiers in Genetics·Manvi SharmaTrygve O Tollefsbol
Feb 20, 2020·Nutrients·Fiammetta PiersigilliOlivier Danhaive
Aug 29, 2020·Pediatric Research·Jae H KimJennifer Canvasser
Dec 29, 2020·Frontiers in Pediatrics·Eduardo Villamor-MartinezEduardo Villamor
Jul 30, 2020·Biochemistry and Cell Biology = Biochimie Et Biologie Cellulaire·Mohan PammiWilliam O Tarnow-Mordi
Apr 26, 2021·European Journal of Pediatrics·Walusa Assad Gonçalves-FerriLourenço Sbragia Neto
Apr 28, 2021·Current Pediatric Reviews·Serafina PerroneSusanna Esposito

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