Neighborhood Factors and Urinary Metabolites of Nicotine, Phthalates, and Dichlorobenzene

Pediatrics
Maida P GalvezMary S Wolff

Abstract

Exposures to environmental chemicals are ubiquitous in the US. Little is known about how neighborhood factors contribute to exposures. Growing Up Healthy is a prospective cohort study of environmental exposures and growth and development among Hispanic and African American children (n = 506) in New York City. We sought to determine associations between neighborhood-level factors (eg, housing type, school, time spent indoors versus outdoors) and urinary biomarkers of chemical exposures suspected to be associated with these characteristics (cotinine, 2,5-dichlorophenol, and phthalate metabolites) adjusted by age, sex, race, and caregiver education and language. Urinary cotinine concentrations revealed a prevalent exposure to secondhand smoke; children living in public housing had higher concentrations than those in private housing. In homes with 1 smoker versus none, we found significant differences in urinary cotinine concentrations by housing, although not in homes with 2 or more smokers. Children in charter or public schools had higher urinary cotinine concentrations than those in private schools. School type was associated with exposures to both low- and high-molecular-weight phthalates, and concentrations of both exposure bi...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Nov 2, 2019·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Gayle C WindhamLawrence H Kushi
Mar 29, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Toshiaki YoshidaNaomi Sakon

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