Neighbourhoods and health: a GIS approach to measuring community resource accessibility.

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
Jamie PearcePhil Bartie

Abstract

Recent studies suggest an association between the contextual attributes of neighbourhoods and the health status of residents. However, there has been a scarcity of studies that have directly measured the material characteristics of neighbourhoods theorised to have an impact on health and health inequalities. This paper describes the development of an innovative methodology to measure geographical access to a range of community resources that have been empirically linked to health. Geographical information systems (GIS) were applied to develop precise measures of community resource accessibility for small areas at a national scale. Locational access to shopping, education, recreation, and health facilities was established for all 38,350 census meshblocks across New Zealand. Using GIS, distance measures were calculated from the population weighted centroid of each meshblock to 16 specific types of facilities theorised as potentially health related. From these data, indices of community resource accessibility for all New Zealand neighbourhoods were constructed. Clear regional variations in geographical accessibility to community resources exist across the country, particularly between urban and rural areas of New Zealand. For exam...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 1, 2012·Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine·Michael J WidenerYaneer Bar-Yam
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