Neocortical GABA release at high intracellular sodium and low extracellular calcium: an anti-seizure mechanism

Journal of Neurochemistry
M P RassnerT J Feuerstein

Abstract

In epilepsy, the GABA and glutamate balance may be disrupted and a transient decrease in extracellular calcium occurs before and during a seizure. Flow Cytometry based fluorescence activated particle sorting experiments quantified synaptosomes from human neocortical tissue, from both epileptic and non-epileptic patients (27.7% vs. 36.9% GABAergic synaptosomes, respectively). Transporter-mediated release of GABA in human and rat neocortical synaptosomes was measured using the superfusion technique for the measurement of endogenous GABA. GABA release was evoked by either a sodium channel activator or a sodium/potassium-ATPase inhibitor when exocytosis was possible or prevented, and when the sodium/calcium exchanger was active or inhibited. The transporter-mediated release of GABA is because of elevated intracellular sodium. A reduction in the extracellular calcium increased this release (in both non-epileptic and epileptic, except Rasmussen encephalitis, synaptosomes). The inverse was seen during calcium doubling. In humans, GABA release was not affected by exocytosis inhibition, that is, it was solely transporter-mediated. However, in rat synaptosomes, an increase in GABA release at zero calcium was only exhibited when the exocy...Continue Reading

References

Dec 1, 1991·Statistics in Medicine·D G Altman
Oct 1, 1989·Experimental Neurology·G Davies, D W Peterson
Jan 1, 1985·Physiological Reviews·A J Hansen
Nov 1, 1982·Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology·A UllrichG ten Bruggencate
Jul 13, 1995·Nature·M J DuringD D Spencer
Jun 1, 1997·Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods·T J FeuersteinM Schumacher
Feb 21, 1998·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·N R SibsonR G Shulman
Sep 22, 2000·Epilepsia·R SpreaficoC Munari
Apr 4, 2002·Journal of Neurophysiology·Atsushi DoiNorio Akaike
Jun 14, 2002·The Neuroscientist : a Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology and Psychiatry·George G Somjen
Jul 27, 2002·Circulation Research·Hannes ReuterKenneth D Philipson
Jun 24, 2004·Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews·Fiorenzo ContiMarcello Melone
Jul 15, 2004·Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology·George B Richerson, Yuanming Wu
Sep 11, 2004·Journal of Pharmacological Sciences·Takahiro Iwamoto
Dec 22, 2004·The Journal of Physiology·Hoa Dinh LeJohn P Reeves
Oct 28, 2005·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·Annalisa ScimemiMatthew C Walker
Aug 26, 2006·The European Journal of Neuroscience·Annalisa ScimemiMatthew C Walker
Apr 14, 2007·Journal of Clinical Neuroscience : Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia·Graham J JeffsNeville W Knuckey
Dec 2, 2008·Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment·Jürgen Bauer, Déirdre Cooper-Mahkorn
Mar 20, 2009·Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology·Michela MantovaniThomas J Feuerstein
Mar 31, 2011·Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology·M KammererThomas J Feuerstein
May 3, 2011·Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology·M KammererT J Feuerstein
Nov 1, 2012·Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research·Sai Chen, Shuzhuang Li
Dec 12, 2012·Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology·Giuseppe PignataroLucio Annunziato
Dec 12, 2012·Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology·Chris J Roome, Ruth M Empson

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Aug 30, 2020·Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology·Jingjuan WangJie Lu
Jun 30, 2019·Life Science Alliance·Vidhya M RaviDieter Henrik Heiland
Aug 11, 2020·Journal of Molecular Neuroscience : MN·Zhongcheng WangTing Lan
Dec 10, 2020·Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease·Chongyang TangTianfu Li

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.