Neonatal alcohol and nicotine exposure limits brain growth and depletes cerebellar Purkinje cells

Alcohol
W J ChenJ R West

Abstract

The present study examined the effects of coexposure of alcohol and nicotine during the brain growth spurt period on brain weights and cerebellar Purkinje cell numbers. Sprague-Dawley rat pups were randomly assigned into five groups (four artificially reared groups and one suckle control). Artificially reared pups were given alcohol (0 or 4 g/kg/day) and/or nicotine (0 or 6 mg/kg/day) daily from postnatal days (PDs) 4 to 9, and the suckle controls received no experimental treatments. The results are summarized below. (1) Surprisingly, nicotine reduced the peak blood alcohol concentration from about 300 to 230 mg/dl, but alcohol did not affect urine cotinine levels (approximately 12,000-13,000 ng/ml). (2) Alcohol significantly reduced the weights of forebrain, cerebellum, and brain stem, but nicotine limited only the growth of the forebrain. (3) Purkinje cell numbers in the cerebellar vermis were significantly reduced in response to alcohol, nicotine, and the combination of both drugs. (4) No statistically significant interactive effect was found following the cotreatment of alcohol and nicotine. Collectively, the present study replicated our previous findings demonstrating alcohol's detrimental effects on brain development; it ...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 21, 2005·Alcohol·Craig J SlaweckiCindy L Ehlers
Apr 28, 2001·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·T A GirardP E Wainwright
Sep 16, 2003·Neurotoxicology and Teratology·Wei-Jung A Chen, Russell B Edwards
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Aug 16, 2001·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·W J ChenJ R West
Feb 1, 2002·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·Timothy A CuddJames R West
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Jun 20, 2012·Journal of Neuroinflammation·Liya Qin, Fulton T Crews
Aug 30, 2014·Acta Paediatrica·Mikael EkbladLiisa Lehtonen
Nov 5, 2005·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·Gregg C AllenDavid J Earnest
Jul 15, 2004·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·Yuhua Z FarnellDavid J Earnest
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Jun 16, 2005·Experimental Biology and Medicine·James R West, Charles A Blake

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