Neonicotinoid insecticide hydrolysis and photolysis: Rates and residual toxicity

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Stephen A TodeyWilliam A Arnold

Abstract

Neonicotinoid insecticides are the most widely used class of insecticides worldwide. Concern has grown over their widespread environmental presence and potential unintended adverse effects. The present study examined hydrolysis and photolysis reaction rates of neonicotinoids and assessed any residual toxicity of reaction products. Hydrolysis rates were tested between pH 4 and 10 and found to be base-catalyzed. Experiments revealed a nonelementary rate law for hydrolysis, with the hydroxide concentration raised to a power of 0.55 ± 0.09, which has implications for accurate prediction of environmental half-lives. Divalent metal ions (Cu2+ , Ni2+ , Zn2+ ) and minerals (kaolinite, goethite, TiO2 ) had no effect on hydrolysis rates. The hydrolysis rate in a natural water, however, was slower than that predicted by buffered experiments. Nitenpyram, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and clothianidin reacted via direct photolysis in both ultrapure and natural waters, with average quantum yields of 0.024 ± 0.001, 0.0105 ± 0.0002, 0.0140 ± 0.0002, and 0.0101 ± 0.0001, respectively. Acetamiprid primarily underwent indirect photolysis by reaction with OH· (1.7 ± [0.2] × 109  M-1  s-1 ). For all compounds, the urea derivative was the most commonl...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 13, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Weihong WangBarbara J Finlayson-Pitts
Dec 11, 2020·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Matthew J BerensWilliam A Arnold
Mar 18, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Isadora L C Cunha, Antonio Carlos S C Teixeira
Jun 30, 2021·Chemosphere·Huanping LiuYang Yang
Jan 31, 2019·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Weihong WangBarbara J Finlayson-Pitts
Nov 11, 2021·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. a·G ManonmaniK Senthilkumar
Jan 16, 2022·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Carolina Mendes RochaAntonio Carlos Silva Costa Teixeira

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