NETopathic Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Severe Asthma

Frontiers in Immunology
Mohib UddinFrauke Pedersen

Abstract

Neutrophils play a central role in innate immunity, inflammation, and resolution. Unresolving neutrophilia features as a disrupted inflammatory process in the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and severe asthma. The extent to which this may be linked to disease pathobiology remains obscure and could be further confounded by indication of glucocorticoids or concomitant respiratory infections. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represents a specialized host defense mechanism that entrap and eliminate invading microbes. NETs are web-like scaffolds of extracellular DNA in complex with histones and neutrophil granular proteins, such as myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase. Distinct from apoptosis, NET formation is an active form of cell death that could be triggered by various microbial, inflammatory, and endogenous or exogenous stimuli. NETs are reportedly enriched in neutrophil-dominant refractory lung diseases, such as COPD and severe asthma. Evidence for a pathogenic role for respiratory viruses (e.g., Rhinovirus), bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus) and fungi (e.g., Aspergillus fumigatus) in NET induction is emerging. Dysregulation of this process may exert localized...Continue Reading

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Feb 13, 2020·Drug Development Research·Dinesh K ChellappanKamal Dua
Aug 14, 2020·American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology·Samir GautamCharles S Dela Cruz
May 2, 2020·Cell Death & Disease·Shida YousefiHans-Uwe Simon
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Methods Mentioned

BETA
biopsies
acetylation

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT03250689

Software Mentioned

BIOPRED

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