Neural evidence for Bayesian trial-by-trial adaptation on the N400 during semantic priming.

Cognition
Nathaniel Delaney-BuschGina Kuperberg

Abstract

When semantic information is activated by a context prior to new bottom-up input (i.e. when a word is predicted), semantic processing of that incoming word is typically facilitated, attenuating the amplitude of the N400 event related potential (ERP) - a direct neural measure of semantic processing. N400 modulation is observed even when the context is a single semantically related "prime" word. This so-called "N400 semantic priming effect" is sensitive to the probability of encountering a related prime-target pair within an experimental block, suggesting that participants may be adapting the strength of their predictions to the predictive validity of their broader experimental environment. We formalize this adaptation using a Bayesian learning model that estimates and updates the probability of encountering a related versus an unrelated prime-target pair on each successive trial. We found that our model's trial-by-trial estimates of target word probability accounted for significant variance in trial-by-trial N400 amplitude. These findings suggest that Bayesian principles contribute to how comprehenders adapt their semantic predictions to the statistical structure of their broader environment, with implications for the functional...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 5, 2020·Cognitive Science·Robert D HawkinsNoah D Goodman
Jul 4, 2020·Language, Cognition and Neuroscience·Shaorong Yan, T Florian Jaeger
Nov 27, 2020·Psychophysiology·Katie HoemannKaren S Quigley
Dec 16, 2020·The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology : QJEP·Masataka YanoHiroaki Oishi
May 4, 2021·Frontiers in Psychology·Tal Ness, Aya Meltzer-Asscher
Jun 15, 2021·Frontiers in Psychology·Anouschka Foltz
Sep 19, 2021·The European Journal of Neuroscience·Alice Hodapp, Milena Rabovsky

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