Neural systems mediating decision-making and response inhibition for social and nonsocial stimuli in autism

Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
Keith M ShafritzPhilip R Szeszko

Abstract

Autism is marked by impairments in social reciprocity and communication, along with restricted, repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. Prior studies have separately investigated social processing and executive function in autism, but little is known about the brain mechanisms of cognitive control for both emotional and nonemotional stimuli. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify differences in neurocircuitry between individuals with high functioning autism (HFA) and neurotypical controls during two versions of a go/no-go task: emotional (fear and happy faces) and nonemotional (English letters). During the letter task, HFA participants showed hypoactivation in the ventral prefrontal cortex. During the emotion task, happy faces elicited activation in the ventral striatum, nucleus accumbens and anterior amygdala in neurotypical, but not HFA, participants. Response inhibition for fear faces compared with happy faces recruited occipitotemporal regions in HFA, but not neurotypical, participants. In a direct contrast of emotional no-go and letter no-go blocks, HFA participants showed hyperactivation in extrastriate cortex and fusiform gyrus. Accuracy for emotional no-go trials was negatively correlated with activatio...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 2, 2015·Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders·K G StephensonM South
Aug 4, 2015·Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry·Gerly TammJaanus Harro
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Mar 17, 2021·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines·Cristiano CostaClaudio Gentili
Sep 10, 2021·The Clinical Neuropsychologist·Tanya St JohnAnnette Estes

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