Neuroactive substances specifically modulate rhythmic body contractions in the nerveless metazoon Tethya wilhelma (Demospongiae, Porifera).

Frontiers in Zoology
Kornelia Ellwanger, Michael Nickel

Abstract

Sponges (Porifera) are nerve- and muscleless metazoa, but display coordinated motor reactions. Therefore, they represent a valuable phylum to investigate coordination systems, which evolved in a hypothetical Urmetazoon prior to the central nervous system (CNS) of later metazoa. We have chosen the contractile and locomotive species Tethya wilhelma (Demospongiae, Hadromerida) as a model system for our research, using quantitative analysis based on digital time lapse imaging. In order to evaluate candidate coordination pathways, we extracorporeally tested a number of chemical messengers, agonists and antagonists known from chemical signalling pathways in animals with CNS. Sponge body contraction of T. wilhelma was induced by caffeine, glycine, serotonine, nitric oxide (NO) and extracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The induction by glycine and cAMP followed patterns varying from other substances. Induction by cAMP was delayed, while glycine lead to a bi-phasic contraction response. The frequency of the endogenous contraction rhythm of T. wilhelma was significantly decreased by adrenaline and NO, with the same tendency for cAMP and acetylcholine. In contrast, caffeine and glycine increased the contraction frequency. T...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 6, 2006·Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology·Kornelia EllwangerMichael Nickel
Jul 31, 2007·Microscopy Research and Technique·Paola RamoinoRenata Manconi
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Software Mentioned

RemoteShutter
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MultiLab Pilot
ImageJ
WinSTAT
Tethya
TimeTrigger

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