Neuroanatomy of the brachial plexus: the missing link in the continuity between the central and peripheral nervous systems

Microsurgery
Elizabeth O JohnsonPanayotis N Soucacos

Abstract

The brachial plexus is a complex network of nerves which extends from the neck to the axilla and which supplies motor, sensory, and sympathetic fibers to the upper extremity. Generally it is formed by the union of the ventral primary rami of the spinal nerves, C5-C8 and T1, the so-called "roots" of the brachial plexus. The goal here is to examine the neural architecture of the brachial plexus. The most constant arrangement of nerve fibers will be delineated, and then the predominant variations in neural architecture will be defined, particularly the prefixed and postfixed plexus, as well as the microanatomy and anatomy of the major terminal branches of the plexus. Multiple tracts connect many parts of the nervous system, and multiple ascending and descending tracts connect the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and lower spinal centers with the brain. This reflects that the nervous system is able to extract different pieces of sensory information from its surroundings and encode them separately, and that it is able to control specific aspects of motor behavior using different sets of neurons. Examination of the major sensory or motor pathways reveals a highly and tightly organized nervous system. In particular, at each of many lev...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 21, 2010·Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA·Megan PellerinMarios Loukas
Mar 20, 2010·Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA·Elizabeth O JohnsonPanayotis N Soucacos
Dec 9, 2010·Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury·Jifeng LiYudong Gu
Mar 6, 2012·The Journal of Hand Surgery·David M BroganAlexander Y Shin
Oct 29, 2011·Clinics in Plastic Surgery·Laurent WehrliDimitri J Anastakis
May 14, 2008·Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America·Ellen E Parker, Christine M Glastonbury
Oct 26, 2011·Clinical Anatomy : Official Journal of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists & the British Association of Clinical Anatomists·Priti ChaudharyKamal Arora
Jun 7, 2008·The Journal of International Medical Research·S XuX Lin
Sep 29, 2018·Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine·Krzysztof Zapałowicz, Maciej Radek
Dec 6, 2019·Insights Into Imaging·Trinh T NguyenAlok A Bhatt

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