PMID: 2510788Jan 1, 1989Paper

"Neuroendocrine cells" in flatworms--progenitors to metazoan neurons?

Archives of Histology and Cytology
M Reuter, M K S Gustafsson

Abstract

The integrative mechanisms in phylum Platyhelminthes are of considerable phylogenetic interest since ancestral flatworms are believed to be progenitors to all "higher" metazoans. The phylum consists of free-living and parasitic worms. In this group of early bilateral animals, the nervous system is condensed and consists of a bilobed brain and longitudinal nerve cords. Endocrine glands and a circulatory system are still lacking. The present review deals mainly with microturbellarians and parasitic worms. Three main types of neurons, all containing vesicles, occur in the worms: neurons containing dense-core vesicles, peptidergic neurons and sensory neurons. All types of neurons react positively to antisera towards invertebrate and vertebrate neuropeptides. Neurons containing dense-core vesicles are the most frequent type. The dense-core vesicles occur both in the cell soma and in their long processes. Neurons of this type form synaptocrine and paracrine release sites. We ask: Is the neuron containing dcv an archaic type of neuron in which the characteristics of the stem cells for neurons have been preserved?

Citations

May 1, 1990·Cell and Tissue Research·M WikgrenP Lindroos
Oct 1, 1996·Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology·M Reuter, M Gustafsson
Nov 14, 2007·Development Genes and Evolution·Francesc Cebrià
Jan 1, 1996·Parasitology·R A PaxJ L Bennett
May 6, 2020·Journal of Morphology·Sofia A Denisova, Sergei V Shchenkov

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