Neuroendocrinology of reproduction: Is gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) dispensable?

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
Kathleen E WhitlockJohn Ewer

Abstract

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is a highly conserved neuroendocrine decapeptide that is essential for the onset of puberty and the maintenance of the reproductive state. First identified in mammals, the GnRH signaling pathway is found in all classes of vertebrates; homologues of GnRH have also been identified in invertebrates. In addition to its role as a hypothalamic releasing hormone, GnRH has multiple functions including modulating neural activity within specific regions of the brain. These various functions are mediated by multiple isoforms, which are expressed at diverse locations within the central nervous system. Here we discuss the GnRH signaling pathways in light of new reports that reveal that some vertebrate genomes lack GnRH1. Not only do other isoforms of GnRH not compensate for this gene loss, but elements upstream of GnRH1, including kisspeptins, appear to also be dispensable. We discuss routes that may compensate for the loss of the GnRH1 pathway.

Citations

Jan 1, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Kathleen Whitlock
Feb 10, 2021·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Satoshi OgawaIshwar S Parhar
Feb 8, 2020·General and Comparative Endocrinology·José A Muñoz-CuetoYonathan Zohar
Mar 19, 2020·General and Comparative Endocrinology·Cunming Duan, John Allard
Jul 28, 2020·General and Comparative Endocrinology·Gustavo M SomozaVance L Trudeau
Jun 10, 2021·Scientific Reports·Timothy S BretonMatthew A DiMaggio
Jul 3, 2020·General and Comparative Endocrinology·Yonathan Zohar
Sep 5, 2021·Fish Physiology and Biochemistry·Jin Ah SongCheol Young Choi
Oct 23, 2021·Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology·Paula G VissioJulieta E Sallemi
Nov 23, 2021·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Chuanhui XiaGuangfu Hu

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