Neurofeedback and the Neural Representation of Self: Lessons From Awake State and Sleep

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
Andreas A Ioannides

Abstract

Neurofeedback has been around for half a century, but despite some promising results it is not yet widely appreciated. Recently, some of the concerns about neurofeedback have been addressed with functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetoencephalography adding their contributions to the long history of neurofeedback with electroencephalography. Attempts to address other concerns related to methodological issues with new experiments and meta-analysis of earlier studies, have opened up new questions about its efficacy. A key concern about neurofeedback is the missing framework to explain how improvements in very different and apparently unrelated conditions are achieved. Recent advances in neuroscience begin to address this concern. A particularly promising approach is the analysis of resting state of fMRI data, which has revealed robust covariations in brain networks that maintain their integrity in sleep and even anesthesia. Aberrant activity in three brain wide networks (i.e., the default mode, central executive and salience networks) has been associated with a number of psychiatric disorders. Recent publications have also suggested that neurofeedback guides the restoration of "normal" activity in these three networks. U...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 14, 2020·Frontiers in Human Neuroscience·Olga R DobrushinaEkaterina V Pechenkova
Jan 1, 2018·Applied Network Science·Laura TurnbullAnthony J Parsons
May 7, 2021·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Viktor MüllerUlman Lindenberger

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