Neuroimaging studies in people with gender incongruence

International Review of Psychiatry
Baudewijntje P C Kreukels, Antonio Guillamon

Abstract

The current review gives an overview of brain studies in transgender people. First, we describe studies into the aetiology of feelings of gender incongruence, primarily addressing the sexual differentiation hypothesis: does the brain of transgender individuals resemble that of their natal sex, or that of their experienced gender? Findings from neuroimaging studies focusing on brain structure suggest that the brain phenotypes of trans women (MtF) and trans men (FtM) differ in various ways from control men and women with feminine, masculine, demasculinized and defeminized features. The brain phenotypes of people with feelings of gender incongruence may help us to figure out whether sex differentiation of the brain is atypical in these individuals, and shed light on gender identity development. Task-related imaging studies may show whether brain activation and task performance in transgender people is sex-atypical. Second, we review studies that evaluate the effects of cross-sex hormone treatment on the brain. This type of research provides knowledge on how changes in sex hormone levels may affect brain structure and function.

References

Apr 28, 2005·Psychoneuroendocrinology·Susanne HenningssonMikael Landén
Aug 27, 2005·Human Brain Mapping·E LudersA W Toga
Nov 22, 2005·Psychiatry Research·Yolanda L S SmithPeggy T Cohen-Kettenis
May 9, 2006·Neuropsychologia·Kenneth HugdahlLars Ersland
Jun 5, 2007·Biological Psychiatry·Kelly P CosgroveJulie K Staley
Sep 4, 2008·Hippocampus·Xenia ProtopopescuEmily Stern
Oct 31, 2008·Biological Psychiatry·Lauren HareVincent R Harley
Nov 5, 2008·Psychoneuroendocrinology·Jiska S PeperHilleke E Hulshoff Pol
Nov 5, 2008·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·Alicia Garcia-Falgueras, Dick F Swaab
Apr 4, 2009·NeuroImage·Eileen LudersEric Vilain
Feb 6, 2010·Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences·Hideyuki NawataYasuo Kuwabara
Oct 19, 2010·Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology·Tuck C NgunEric Vilain
Nov 26, 2010·Progress in Brain Research·Eileen Luders, Arthur W Toga
Dec 15, 2010·The Journal of Sexual Medicine·Timo O NiederHertha Richter-Appelt
Jan 5, 2011·Journal of Psychiatric Research·Giuseppina RamettiAntonio Guillamon
Feb 5, 2011·Magnetic Resonance Imaging·Ramon CasanovaUNKNOWN Women's Health Initiative Memory Study
Apr 7, 2011·Cerebral Cortex·Ivanka Savic, Stefan Arver
Dec 8, 2011·The Journal of Sexual Medicine·Gunter HeylensGuy T'Sjoen
Dec 14, 2011·Human Brain Mapping·Lindsey OssewaardeGuillén Fernández
Mar 8, 2012·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·Margaret M McCarthyGeert J De Vries
Apr 3, 2012·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·Serge StoléruVirginie Moulier
May 15, 2012·European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Peter HöferSiegfried Kasper
Aug 23, 2012·Biology of Sex Differences·Jay N GieddRhoshel K Lenroot
Sep 4, 2012·Cerebral Cortex·Leire Zubiaurre-ElorzaAntonio Guillamon
May 11, 2013·NeuroImage·Jessica JungerUte Habel
Jun 1, 2013·Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science·Eileen LudersArthur W Toga
Aug 8, 2013·PloS One·Hsiao-Lun KuJen-Chuen Hsieh
Sep 4, 2013·Hormones and Behavior·Thomas D SteensmaPeggy T Cohen-Kettenis
Nov 28, 2013·The Journal of Sexual Medicine·Rosa FernándezEduardo Pásaro
Dec 4, 2013·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Madhura IngalhalikarRagini Verma
Dec 21, 2013·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Theodore D WachsBruce S McEwen

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Oct 27, 2017·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines·Jack L Turban, Diane Ehrensaft
Oct 5, 2018·Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology·Molly B Moravek
Sep 25, 2018·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Madeleine ForemanVincent R Harley
Sep 26, 2017·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Wylie C HembreeGuy G T'Sjoen
Jan 25, 2020·Archives of Sexual Behavior·Mostafa SadrJohannes Hönekopp
May 6, 2020·International Journal of Impotence Research·Laura Baetens, Karlien Dhondt
Mar 24, 2017·Cerebral Cortex·Sarah M BurkeIvanka Savic-Berglund
Oct 1, 2016·Journal of Neuroscience Research·Marina A Pavlova
Sep 14, 2019·Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism·Sean J IwamotoGuy T'Sjoen
Aug 3, 2017·American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism·Laura G GoetzHugh S Taylor
Jun 7, 2020·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Alessandra Daphne FisherGioele Gavazzi
Mar 16, 2021·Cerebral Cortex·Yanlu WangIvanka Savic
Apr 15, 2021·Journal of Homosexuality·Alexandro FortunatoAnna Maria Speranza
Apr 19, 2021·Biological Psychiatry·Jennifer R RainvilleGeorgia E Hodes
Oct 29, 2021·Journal of Neuroendocrinology·Julie Bakker

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.