Neuroinflammation and fibrosis in stroke: The good, the bad and the ugly

Journal of Neuroimmunology
Narayanappa AmrutaGregory J Bix

Abstract

Stroke is the leading cause of death and the main cause of disability in surviving patients. The detrimental interaction between immune cells, glial cells, and matrix components in stroke pathology results in persistent inflammation that progresses to fibrosis. A substantial effort is being directed toward understanding the exact neuroinflammatory events that take place as a result of stroke. The initiation of a potent cytokine response, along with immune cell activation and infiltration in the ischemic core, has massive acute deleterious effects, generally exacerbated by comorbid inflammatory conditions. There is secondary neuroinflammation that promotes further injury, resulting in cell death, but conversely plays a beneficial role, by promoting recovery. This highlights the need for a better understanding of the neuroinflammatory and fibrotic processes, as well as the need to identify new mechanisms and potential modulators. In this review, we summarize several aspects of stroke-induced inflammation, fibrosis, and include a discussion of cytokine inhibitors/inducers, immune cells, and fibro-inflammation signaling inhibitors in order to identify new pharmacological means of intervention.

References

Nov 1, 1993·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·T LiuG Z Feurestein
Sep 1, 1993·Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology·R Chuaqui, J Tapia
Jun 20, 2001·Journal of the Neurological Sciences·G CaimiR Lo Presti
Apr 6, 2002·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Nikolaos KostulasHans Link
Jul 11, 2002·Cell Death and Differentiation·A D RogoveStella E Tsirka
Oct 9, 2002·Current Medical Research and Opinion·Kyra J Becker
Jan 25, 2003·Molecular & Cellular Proteomics : MCP·Joshua N AdkinsJoel G Pounds
May 3, 2003·Nature Reviews. Neuroscience·Eng H LoMichael A Moskowitz
May 29, 2003·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·Rachel D WheelerNancy J Rothwell
Feb 24, 2004·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Javier Mestas, Christopher C W Hughes
Jun 16, 2004·Clinical and Experimental Immunology·E D PedersenT E Mollnes
Jul 9, 2004·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·Sun-Ryung Lee, Eng H Lo
Nov 2, 2004·Acta Neuropathologica·Hernando MenaElisabeth J Rushing
Dec 14, 2004·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Eva M GonzalezRenato V Iozzo
Sep 20, 2005·Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry·H C A EmsleyUNKNOWN Acute Stroke Investigators
Oct 26, 2005·Neuromolecular Medicine·Thiruma V ArumugamMark P Mattson
Jan 18, 2006·Journal of Clinical Neuroscience : Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia·M Nilupul PereraGeoffrey A Donnan
Mar 28, 2006·Nature Medicine·Bing-Qiao ZhaoEng H Lo
Apr 26, 2006·Circulation·Gokhan YilmazD Neil Granger
Jun 16, 2006·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·Jung-Bin KimJa-Kyeong Lee
Dec 21, 2006·Nature Reviews. Neuroscience·Michelle L BlockJau-Shyong Hong
May 4, 2007·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Martin DuddyAmit Bar-Or
Feb 27, 2008·Microscopy Research and Technique·Gregory Bix, Renato V Iozzo
Jun 19, 2008·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·Motoaki FujimotoKazuhiko Nozaki
Jul 29, 2008·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Jean-François CailhierMarie-Josée Hébert
Aug 30, 2008·Lancet Neurology·Mathew J ReevesLynda Lisabeth
Sep 25, 2008·International Journal of Stroke : Official Journal of the International Stroke Society·P A McCombe, S J Read
Oct 2, 2008·Neurological Research·Gokhan Yilmaz, D Neil Granger
Dec 11, 2008·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·Denise P AbulafiaW Dalton Dietrich
Dec 22, 2009·Integrative Biology : Quantitative Biosciences From Nano to Macro·Bénédicte CauweGhislain Opdenakker
Feb 5, 2010·Journal of Leukocyte Biology·Rong JinGuohong Li
Mar 24, 2010·Annual Review of Immunology·Kenneth L RockHajime Kono
May 15, 2010·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Frédéric GeissmannGwendalyn J Randolph

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.