Neurological manifestation of vasculitis: update on immunopathogenic mechanisms and clinical features
Abstract
Study of the vasculitides illustrates a spectrum of interactions from physiological to pathological between the immune system and the blood-vessel wall. Endothelial cells demonstrably recruit leukocytes by both antigen-specific and antigen-nonspecific mechanisms in the systemic vasculitides. A cascade of cytokine and factors can initiate, perpetuate, and regulate the close interactions of leukocytes and the endothelium. Specific types of leukocytes (neutrophils, T lymphocytes, eosinophils) predominate in the vascular infiltrates of specific diseases. Other mural cells potentially initiate the inflammatory process; this may be particularly important in the central nervous system where regulatory systems may diminish a primary role of the endothelium in vascular inflammation. Neurological abnormalities are a prominent feature of some vasculitides and rare in others. In polyarteritis nodosa, Wegener's granulomatosis, and lymphomatoid granulomatosis neurological features may be prominent and early. The cutaneous vasculitides, hypersensitivity vasculitis, are seldom associated with neurological abnormalities. Isolated angiitis of the central nervous system is notable because it invariably targets the central nervous system and becau...Continue Reading
References
Citations
Primary central nervous system vasculitis mimicking brain tumour: case report and literature review.
Related Concepts
Related Feeds
Adhesion Molecules in Health and Disease
Cell adhesion molecules are a subset of cell adhesion proteins located on the cell surface involved in binding with other cells or with the extracellular matrix in the process called cell adhesion. In essence, cell adhesion molecules help cells stick to each other and to their surroundings. Cell adhesion is a crucial component in maintaining tissue structure and function. Discover the latest research on adhesion molecule and their role in health and disease here.
Autoimmune Diseases
Autoimmune diseases occur as a result of an attack by the immune system on the body’s own tissues resulting in damage and dysfunction. There are different types of autoimmune diseases, in which there is a complex and unknown interaction between genetics and the environment. Discover the latest research on autoimmune diseases here.