Neurological soft signs in schizophrenia - The past, the present and the future.

Indian Journal of Psychiatry
Shivarama VaramballyB N Gangadhar

Abstract

Clinical neurological abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia have been generally called "Neurological Soft Signs" (NSS). Studies have consistently shown increased NSS in patients with schizophrenia as compared to healthy persons. Early studies were limited by possible confounds of prior neuroleptic medications and illness chronicity. Studies in first episode never treated schizophrenia patients have addressed these confounds. The clinical significance of these findings and the correlation with cognitive dysmetria is the focus of the current review. Relevant literature was obtained using PUBMED and MEDLINE search (1980-2008) and a direct search of reference list of pertinent journal articles. In a 2003 study, neuroleptic-naive schizophrenia patients had significantly more NSS than controls. Patients who were more neurologically impaired had more negative symptoms. Higher NSS scores in treatment-naive schizophrenia patients and the absence of correlation between NSS and illness duration lends support to a neurodevelopmental pathogenesis for schizophrenia. The finding of incoordination and cerebellar signs in most studies also supports the "cognitive dysmetria" explanatory model for schizophrenia. A significant subgroup of p...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 3, 2016·European Journal of Medical Genetics·Marta BosiaRoberto Cavallaro
Aug 5, 2015·Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry·Adrian Andrzej ChrobakDominika Dudek
Dec 17, 2014·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·Monojit DebnathMichael Berk
May 24, 2014·L'Encéphale·S Bourgou GahaA Bouden
Apr 8, 2015·Neuroscience Letters·L TremolizzoI Appollonio
Oct 28, 2019·Asia-Pacific Psychiatry : Official Journal of the Pacific Rim College of Psychiatrists·Ahmed Naguy
Sep 7, 2021·International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice·Michel Sabe, Othman Sentissi

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
imaging techniques

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