Neurological suppression of diaphragm electromyographs in hamsters infected with West Nile virus.

Journal of Neurovirology
John D MorreyRamona T Skirpstunas

Abstract

To address the hypothesis that respiratory distress associated with West Nile virus (WNV) is neurologically caused, electromyographs (EMGs) were measured longitudinally from the diaphragms of alert hamsters infected subcutaneously (s.c.) with WNV. The EMG activity in WNV-infected hamsters was consistently and significantly (P <or= .001) less than that of sham-infected animals, beginning with suppression at day 3 and continuing to beyond day 17 after viral challenge. Of the tissues known to affect respiration, i.e., lung, diaphragm, cervical spinal cord, brain stem, and the carotid or aortic bodies, foci of WNV-immunoreactive neurons were only observed in the brain stems and some cervical spinal cords from EMG-suppressed animals. To confirm the involvement of the brain stem and spinal cord, WNV was injected directly in the ventrolateral medulla containing respiratory functions using stereotaxic surgery and into the cervical cord at the C4 vertebral level. As with subcutaneous WNV challenge, hamsters developed EMG suppression of the diaphragm within 4 days. Because WNV-positive neurons were only sporadically identified in EMG-suppressed animals as early as day 3, a plausible mechanism of EMG suppression may involve regulation of ...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 4, 2013·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Hong WangJohn D Morrey
Oct 26, 2013·Clinical Autonomic Research : Official Journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society·Hong WangJohn D Morrey
Sep 3, 2014·PloS One·Venkatraman SiddharthanJohn D Morrey
Oct 22, 2019·Frontiers in Immunology·Jinxin MiaoYaohe Wang

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