Neuronal nicotinic receptor and psychiatric disorders: functional and behavioral effects of nicotine

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology
Hiroaki ArakiYutaka Gomita

Abstract

Both retrospective and prospective clinical studies have demonstrated positive associations of smoking with psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, depression and anxiety. Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) belong to a family of ligand-gated ion channels that are widely distributed in the brain. The pre-synaptically located nAChR, which are composed of alpha3 or alpha4 subunits in combination with beta2 subunit on axon terminals, modulate the multiple transmission release. Several studies indicated which individual nicotinic receptor subtype is responsible for mediating each of the behavioral effects of nicotine. A reduced number of alpha7 nicotinic receptor subtypes in the hippocampus were reported in schizophrenic patients. In addition, it was assumed that nicotine provided useful therapeutic treatment for a variety of cognitive impairments including those found in Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactive disorder. Both alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptors in the hippocampus are involved in these phenomena. In the genetic depressive rats, nicotine showed antidepressant-like effects in forced swim models of depression, suggesting the involvement of alpha4beta2 nicotinic re...Continue Reading

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